The aim of this diploma thesis is to introduce the achievements in mathematics during ancient times and the middle ages in China. In this work we met with the most important mathematicians of that period and the works that are dominated by mathematical development. At the beginning we met with the forms of the numbers and the legend of the magic square, which had a great significance in the nation. Next we deal with the area of a circle and volume of a sphere, and a lot of attention we focused also on the discovery of the Pythagorean theorem. We describe two algorithms for solving systems of linear equations written in the book Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. The end of work is focused on the Chinese remainder problem and ” the problem of hundred birds”